luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 1 2026 · September 5, 2026

Fordham at North Dakota State, Week 1 2026: who deserved to win?

North Dakota State beat Fordham 38–0, and the replays back it up: with the way both teams actually played, North Dakota State wins 10 of 10.

Before kickoff North Dakota State was a 100% favorite.

Final

Fordham Rams 0
North Dakota State Bison 38

September 5, 2026 · Fargodome · Closing line: North Dakota State −41.5

Luck index 0 North Dakota State about even · 0 Fordham

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Fordham wins 0, North Dakota State wins 10.

  1. 1 FOR 3 NDSU 14
  2. 2 FOR 10 NDSU 28
  3. 3 FOR 7 NDSU 28
  4. 4 FOR 13 NDSU 37
  5. 5 FOR 3 NDSU 30
  6. 6 FOR 0 NDSU 29
  7. 7 FOR 0 NDSU 33
  8. 8 FOR 7 NDSU 42
  9. 9 FOR 0 NDSU 41
  10. 10 FOR 0 NDSU 45

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Fordham wins 0% of them, North Dakota State 100%. The line is what actually happened: North Dakota State by 38.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Fordham by 17+0.0%
Fordham by 9–160.0%
Fordham by 1–80.2%
Level after regulation0.1%
North Dakota State by 1–81.5%
North Dakota State by 9–165.5%
North Dakota State by 17+92.8%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

No play in this game swung win probability by luck.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +3.4 points to North Dakota State: the final margin was North Dakota State by 38, without the luck North Dakota State by 34.6. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • D. Klein, 39 yds made · 76% expected
  • J. Onuonga, 49 yds missed · 56% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Fordham 7 for 42 yards, North Dakota State 3 for 30 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 7:42 Holding on North Dakota State, 10 yards 0% FOR +0.6 pts
Q2 12:21 False Start on Fordham, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% NDSU +0.8 pts
Q2 9:42 Illegal Substitution on Fordham, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% FOR 0.0 pts
Q2 8:10 Offside on Fordham, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% NDSU +0.8 pts
Q2 1:33 Holding on Fordham, 10 yards 0% NDSU +1.3 pts
Q3 11:06 Face Mask on Fordham, 7 yards 0% NDSU +0.9 pts
Q3 6:26 Holding on North Dakota State, 10 yards, wiping out the play 0% FOR +1.3 pts
Q4 14:10 False Start on Fordham, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% NDSU +1.9 pts
Q4 13:40 Holding on North Dakota State, 10 yards 0% FOR +0.6 pts
Q4 2:00 False Start on Fordham, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% NDSU +1.4 pts

When it happened

North Dakota State’s chance of winning

Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while North Dakota State was ahead in it, below while Fordham was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 7:42 North Dakota State converted 3rd & 63rd & 4th downs · 41% expectedHolding on North Dakota State, 10 yardsJudgment calls +0% FOR NDSU: Field goal
2 Q1 7:23 North Dakota State was stopped on 3rd & 93rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +0% FOR NDSU: Field goal
3 Q1 5:43 Fordham converted 3rd & 63rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +0% FOR FOR: Punt
4 Q1 4:02 Fordham was stopped on 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 37% expected +0% NDSU FOR: Punt
5 Q2 11:08 Fordham fumbled and North Dakota State recoveredFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +0% NDSU FOR: Punt
6 Q2 9:42 Illegal Substitution on Fordham, 5 yardsPre-snap flags +0% FOR NDSU: Turnover on downs
7 Q2 4:34 Fordham converted 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 37% expected +0% FOR FOR: Punt
8 Q2 1:33 Holding on Fordham, 10 yardsJudgment calls +0% NDSU NDSU: Touchdown

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Fordham 0% · North Dakota State 100%

Final margin
North Dakota State by 38
Luck in points
3.4 for North Dakota State
Luck-adjusted margin
North Dakota State by 34.6
Replay with same day's form
Fordham 0% · North Dakota State 100% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 1 2026 games · Fordham · North Dakota State

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