luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 1 2026 · September 5, 2026

Wyoming at Colorado State, Week 1 2026: who deserved to win?

Colorado State beat Wyoming 35–13, and the replays lean its way: with the same day's form, it wins 7 of 10.

Before kickoff Colorado State was a 56% favorite. The biggest swing (Q2, 11:31 left): Holding on Colorado State, 10 yards, wiping out the play, worth 8 points of win probability to Wyoming.

Final

Wyoming Cowboys 13
Colorado State Rams 35

September 5, 2026 · Canvas Stadium · Closing line: Colorado State −2.5

Luck index +25 Colorado State lucky · −25 Wyoming

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Wyoming wins 3, Colorado State wins 7.

  1. 1 WYO 23 CSU 5
  2. 2 WYO 37 CSU 28
  3. 3 WYO 17 CSU 14
  4. 4 WYO 24 CSU 27
  5. 5 WYO 7 CSU 13
  6. 6 WYO 17 CSU 26
  7. 7 WYO 14 CSU 27
  8. 8 WYO 7 CSU 24
  9. 9 WYO 14 CSU 38
  10. 10 WYO 7 CSU 38

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Wyoming wins 25% of them, Colorado State 75%, counting the 3% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Colorado State by 22.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Wyoming by 17+3.8%
Wyoming by 9–167.6%
Wyoming by 1–811.4%
Level after regulation2.5%
Colorado State by 1–823.1%
Colorado State by 9–1618.8%
Colorado State by 17+32.8%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +5.6 points to Colorado State: the final margin was Colorado State by 22, without the luck Colorado State by 16.4. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • E. Sandvik, 37 yds made · 75% expected
  • K. Nguma, 54 yds missed · 47% expected
  • E. Sandvik, 48 yds made · 55% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Wyoming 6 for 47 yards, Colorado State 4 for 36 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q2 11:31 Holding on Colorado State, 10 yards, wiping out the play +8% WYO +3.4 pts
Q2 8:55 Delay of Game on Wyoming, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% CSU +0.8 pts
Q2 7:44 Holding on Colorado State, 10 yards +2% WYO +1.1 pts
Q2 6:02 False Start on Colorado State, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% WYO +0.5 pts
Q2 5:52 Unnecessary Roughness on Wyoming, 12 yards +2% CSU +0.7 pts
Q3 12:18 Face Mask on Colorado State, 11 yards +4% WYO +1.4 pts
Q3 5:21 Illegal Formation on Wyoming, 5 yards, wiping out the play · pre-snap +6% CSU +1.8 pts
Q3 0:15 Offside on Wyoming, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% CSU +0.4 pts
Q4 11:22 Illegal Shift on Wyoming, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% CSU +1.0 pts
Q4 7:10 Roughing the Kicker on Wyoming, 15 yards +1% CSU +3.3 pts

When it happened

Colorado State’s chance of winning

As low as 46% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Colorado State was ahead in it, below while Wyoming was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 12:27 Colorado State converted 4th & 23rd & 4th downs · 63% expected +4% CSU CSU: Touchdown
2 Q1 1:23 Colorado State was stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 64% expected +4% WYO CSU: Punt
3 Q2 11:31 Holding on Colorado State, 10 yards, wiping out the playJudgment calls +8% WYO WYO: Punt
4 Q2 6:02 Colorado State was stopped on 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 42% expectedFalse Start on Colorado State, 5 yardsPre-snap flags +4% WYO CSU: Punt
5 Q3 11:52 Wyoming fumbled and recovered itFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +5% WYO WYO: Touchdown
6 Q3 10:02 Colorado State was stopped on 3rd & 43rd & 4th downs · 48% expected +5% WYO CSU: Punt
7 Q3 5:21 Illegal Formation on Wyoming, 5 yards, wiping out the playPre-snap flags +6% CSU CSU: Touchdown
8 Q4 11:22 Colorado State converted 3rd & 163rd & 4th downs · 19% expectedIllegal Shift on Wyoming, 5 yardsPre-snap flags +5% CSU CSU: Touchdown

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Wyoming 0% · Colorado State 100%

Final margin
Colorado State by 22
Luck in points
5.6 for Colorado State
Luck-adjusted margin
Colorado State by 16.4
Replay with same day's form
Wyoming 25% · Colorado State 75% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 1 2026 games · Wyoming · Colorado State

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