luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 2 2026 · September 12, 2026

Iowa State at Iowa, Week 2 2026: who deserved to win?

Iowa beat Iowa State 16–13, and the replays lean its way: with the same day's form, it wins 8 of 10.

Before kickoff Iowa was an 82% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 6:57 left): Iowa was stopped on 3rd & 4, worth 9 points of win probability to Iowa State.

Final

Iowa State Cyclones 13
Iowa Hawkeyes 16

September 12, 2026 · Kinnick Stadium · Closing line: Iowa −14

Luck index +24 Iowa about even · −24 Iowa State

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Iowa State wins 2, Iowa wins 8.

  1. 1 ISU 14 IOWA 3
  2. 2 ISU 13 IOWA 10
  3. 3 ISU 7 IOWA 10
  4. 4 ISU 10 IOWA 14
  5. 5 ISU 15 IOWA 23
  6. 6 ISU 10 IOWA 23
  7. 7 ISU 0 IOWA 15
  8. 8 ISU 6 IOWA 24
  9. 9 ISU 3 IOWA 24
  10. 10 ISU 0 IOWA 29

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Iowa State wins 24% of them, Iowa 76%, counting the 5% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Iowa by 3.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Iowa State by 17+2.5%
Iowa State by 9–166.3%
Iowa State by 1–813.1%
Level after regulation5.0%
Iowa by 1–823.3%
Iowa by 9–1620.6%
Iowa by 17+29.2%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +2.8 points to Iowa State: the final margin was Iowa by 3, without the luck Iowa by 5.8. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • K. Konrardy, 29 yds made · 89% expected
  • C. Buhr, 45 yds made · 63% expected
  • K. Konrardy, 51 yds made · 54% expected
  • C. Buhr, 32 yds made · 85% expected
  • C. Buhr, 42 yds made · 69% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Iowa State 6 for 45 yards, Iowa 4 for 25 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 14:40 False Start on Iowa, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% ISU +1.1 pts
Q1 13:06 False Start on Iowa, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% ISU +0.6 pts
Q2 13:28 False Start on Iowa, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% ISU +0.2 pts
Q3 12:05 Holding on Iowa State, 10 yards +3% IOWA +1.3 pts
Q3 11:17 Illegal Substitution on Iowa State, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% IOWA +0.5 pts
Q3 3:55 Offside on Iowa State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% IOWA +0.7 pts
Q3 3:04 Holding on Iowa State, 10 yards +2% IOWA +0.6 pts
Q3 2:09 Holding on Iowa State, 10 yards +2% IOWA +0.6 pts
Q3 0:09 Holding on Iowa, 10 yards 0% ISU +1.1 pts
Q4 4:54 False Start on Iowa State, 5 yards · pre-snap +7% IOWA +1.1 pts

When it happened

Iowa’s chance of winning

Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Iowa was ahead in it, below while Iowa State was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 6:28 Iowa was stopped on 4th & 13rd & 4th downs · 76% expected +5% ISU IOWA: Punt
2 Q3 13:21 Iowa State converted 3rd & 33rd & 4th downs · 50% expected +4% ISU ISU: Field goal
3 Q3 10:06 K. Konrardy made a 51-yard field goalKicks · 54% expected for him, 9 of 17 from 45+ before +5% ISU ISU: Punt
4 Q3 8:16 Iowa was stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 63% expected +5% ISU IOWA: Punt
5 Q4 6:57 Iowa was stopped on 3rd & 43rd & 4th downs · 47% expected +9% ISU IOWA: Field goal
6 Q4 4:54 False Start on Iowa State, 5 yardsPre-snap flags +7% IOWA IOWA: Field goal
7 Q4 4:37 Iowa State was stopped on 3rd & 63rd & 4th downs · 34% expected +8% IOWA ISU: Punt
8 Q4 0:15 C. Buhr made a 42-yard field goalKicks · 69% expected for him +8% IOWA –

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Iowa State 17% · Iowa 83%

Final margin
Iowa by 3
Luck in points
2.8 for Iowa State
Luck-adjusted margin
Iowa by 5.8
Replay with same day's form
Iowa State 24% · Iowa 76% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 2 2026 games · Iowa State · Iowa

More from Week 2 2026

Every week 2 game, 2026