luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 1 2025 · August 30, 2025

Maine at Liberty, Week 1 2025: who deserved to win?

Liberty beat Maine 28–7, and the replays lean its way: with the same day's form, it wins 7 of 10. Maine had the bounces: 3rd & 4th downs alone were worth 9 points of win probability to Maine.

Before kickoff Liberty was a 95% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 13:36 left): Liberty was stopped on 4th & 1, worth 11 points of win probability to Maine.

Final

Maine Black Bears 7
Liberty Flames 28

August 30, 2025 · Williams Stadium (VA) · Closing line: Liberty −25.5

Luck index +25 Liberty lucky · −25 Maine

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Maine wins 3, Liberty wins 7.

  1. 1 ME 31 LIB 13
  2. 2 ME 14 LIB 6
  3. 3 ME 27 LIB 24
  4. 4 ME 10 LIB 13
  5. 5 ME 17 LIB 23
  6. 6 ME 14 LIB 24
  7. 7 ME 0 LIB 13
  8. 8 ME 10 LIB 27
  9. 9 ME 14 LIB 35
  10. 10 ME 10 LIB 41

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Maine wins 25% of them, Liberty 75%, counting the 4% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Liberty by 21.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Maine by 17+4.3%
Maine by 9–166.5%
Maine by 1–814.3%
Level after regulation4.0%
Liberty by 1–821.1%
Liberty by 9–1619.6%
Liberty by 17+30.2%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +2.8 points to Liberty: the final margin was Liberty by 21, without the luck Liberty by 18.3. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

Penalties: Maine 2 for 20 yards, Liberty 3 for 25 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 7:03 Pass Interference on Liberty, 15 yards +1% ME +1.2 pts
Q2 8:54 Delay of Game on Maine, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% LIB +0.6 pts
Q4 11:32 Personal Foul on Maine, 15 yards +4% LIB +1.6 pts
Q4 11:19 False Start on Liberty, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% ME +0.5 pts
Q4 3:45 Offside on Liberty, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% ME +0.4 pts

When it happened

Liberty’s chance of winning

Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Liberty was ahead in it, below while Maine was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q2 12:31 Liberty was stopped on 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 46% expected +3% ME LIB: Punt
2 Q2 10:12 Maine converted 3rd & 103rd & 4th downs · 28% expected +5% ME ME: Punt
3 Q2 0:24 Maine fumbled and Liberty recoveredFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +3% LIB ME: End of half
4 Q3 10:00 Liberty was stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 66% expected +3% ME LIB: Punt
5 Q3 5:48 Maine was stopped on 3rd & 83rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +3% LIB ME: Punt
6 Q4 14:17 Liberty was stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 66% expected +4% ME LIB: Turnover on downs
7 Q4 13:36 Liberty was stopped on 4th & 13rd & 4th downs · 79% expected +11% ME LIB: Touchdown
8 Q4 11:32 Personal Foul on Maine, 15 yardsJudgment calls +4% LIB LIB: Touchdown

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Maine 0% · Liberty 100%

Final margin
Liberty by 21
Luck in points
2.8 for Liberty
Luck-adjusted margin
Liberty by 18.2
Replay with same day's form
Maine 25% · Liberty 75% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 1 2025 games · Maine · Liberty

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