luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 2 2025 · September 6, 2025

San Diego State at Washington State, Week 2 2025: who deserved to win?

Washington State beat San Diego State 36–13, but the replays call it close to a coin flip: with the way both teams played, Washington State wins 4 of 10.

Before kickoff Washington State was a 56% favorite.

Final

San Diego State Aztecs 13
Washington State Cougars 36

September 6, 2025 · Gesa Field · Closing line: Washington State −2.5

Luck index +56 Washington State lucky · −56 San Diego State

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. San Diego State wins 6, Washington State wins 4.

  1. 1 SDSU 32 WSU 3
  2. 2 SDSU 31 WSU 10
  3. 3 SDSU 35 WSU 20
  4. 4 SDSU 31 WSU 20
  5. 5 SDSU 23 WSU 16
  6. 6 SDSU 21 WSU 18
  7. 7 SDSU 14 WSU 17
  8. 8 SDSU 13 WSU 20
  9. 9 SDSU 14 WSU 26
  10. 10 SDSU 17 WSU 36

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

San Diego State wins 56% of them, Washington State 44%, counting the 2% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Washington State by 23.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
San Diego State by 17+18.4%
San Diego State by 9–1618.7%
San Diego State by 1–818.4%
Level after regulation1.6%
Washington State by 1–820.8%
Washington State by 9–1611.2%
Washington State by 17+10.9%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +5.2 points to Washington State: the final margin was Washington State by 23, without the luck Washington State by 17.8. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • J. Stevens, 49 yds made · 56% expected
  • J. Stevens, 42 yds made · 70% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: San Diego State 5 for 23 yards, Washington State 8 for 55 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 10:00 Delay of Game on Washington State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% SDSU +0.8 pts
Q2 13:10 False Start on San Diego State, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% WSU +0.5 pts
Q2 11:38 Holding on Washington State, 10 yards, wiping out the play +7% SDSU +3.0 pts
Q2 10:36 False Start on Washington State, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% SDSU +0.4 pts
Q2 1:55 Holding on Washington State, 10 yards +2% SDSU +0.8 pts
Q2 1:23 Illegal Formation on Washington State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% SDSU +0.2 pts
Q3 5:17 Ineligible Downfield on San Diego State, 5 yards 0% WSU +0.7 pts
Q3 0:00 Holding on Washington State, 10 yards 0% SDSU +2.0 pts
Q4 14:15 False Start on Washington State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% SDSU +0.4 pts
Q4 12:13 Ineligible Downfield on Washington State, 5 yards 0% SDSU +0.9 pts
Q4 9:17 False Start on San Diego State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% WSU +0.9 pts
Q4 3:57 Offside on San Diego State, 5 yards, wiping out the play · pre-snap 0% WSU +4.6 pts
Q4 3:53 Offside on San Diego State, 3 yards · pre-snap 0% WSU +3.6 pts

When it happened

Washington State’s chance of winning

As low as 37% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Washington State was ahead in it, below while San Diego State was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 10:44 San Diego State was stopped on 3rd & 33rd & 4th downs · 56% expected +4% WSU SDSU: Touchdown
2 Q1 10:00 San Diego State converted 4th & 53rd & 4th downs · 43% expectedDelay of Game on Washington State, 5 yardsPre-snap flags +7% SDSU SDSU: Punt
3 Q1 9:13 Washington State was stopped on 3rd & 33rd & 4th downs · 55% expected +3% SDSU WSU: Punt
4 Q1 6:57 Washington State was stopped on 3rd & 13rd & 4th downs · 77% expected +4% SDSU WSU: Touchdown
5 Q1 2:57 Washington State converted 3rd & 63rd & 4th downs · 39% expected +5% WSU WSU: Field goal
6 Q2 14:48 J. Stevens made a 49-yard field goalKicks · 56% expected for him, 0 of 0 from 45+ before +4% WSU WSU: Punt
7 Q2 11:38 Holding on Washington State, 10 yards, wiping out the playJudgment calls +7% SDSU SDSU: Punt
8 Q2 6:32 Washington State was stopped on 4th & 23rd & 4th downs · 63% expected +7% SDSU WSU: Punt

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

San Diego State 2% · Washington State 98%

Final margin
Washington State by 23
Luck in points
5.2 for Washington State
Luck-adjusted margin
Washington State by 17.8
Replay with same day's form
San Diego State 56% · Washington State 44% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 2 2025 games · San Diego State · Washington State

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