luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 8 2025 · October 18, 2025

Arizona at Houston, Week 8 2025: who deserved to win?

Houston beat Arizona 31–28, and the replays lean its way: with the same day's form, it wins 8 of 10.

An off day for Arizona: its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Houston it would win 54% of the time; with this day’s form, 20%. The numbers

Before kickoff Arizona was a 54% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 5:46 left): Pass Interference on Houston, 15 yards, worth 9 points of win probability to Arizona.

Final

Arizona Wildcats 28
Houston Cougars 31

October 18, 2025 · TDECU Stadium · Closing line: Arizona −1.5

Luck index +20 Houston about even · −20 Arizona

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Arizona wins 2, Houston wins 8.

  1. 1 ARIZ 28 HOU 14
  2. 2 ARIZ 17 HOU 14
  3. 3 ARIZ 21 HOU 24
  4. 4 ARIZ 20 HOU 24
  5. 5 ARIZ 28 HOU 35
  6. 6 ARIZ 17 HOU 28
  7. 7 ARIZ 24 HOU 38
  8. 8 ARIZ 14 HOU 31
  9. 9 ARIZ 24 HOU 45
  10. 10 ARIZ 14 HOU 42

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

An off day for Arizona

Its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Houston it would win 54% of the time; with this day’s form, 20%.

34 points apart for Arizona: the gap is how differently this game went from what the two teams usually are.

UnitThis gameUsual levelBetter or worse than usual
Arizona offenseEPA per play gained +0.33 +0.08 better by 0.25
Arizona defenseEPA per play allowed +0.32 +0.07 worse by 0.25
Houston offenseEPA per play gained +0.32 −0.01 better by 0.33
Houston defenseEPA per play allowed +0.33 +0.01 worse by 0.31

EPA (expected points added) per play on competitive snaps, turnovers left out because they are valued as luck. Usual level: the team’s earlier games this season plus half of last season, pulled toward the league average. One team’s defense and the other team’s offense are the same snaps, so one game can’t fully say whose day it was; it shows how far this one was from both teams’ norms.

How 4,000 replays ended

Arizona wins 20% of them, Houston 80%, counting the 4% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Houston by 3.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Arizona by 17+2.0%
Arizona by 9–165.1%
Arizona by 1–812.6%
Level after regulation4.0%
Houston by 1–823.4%
Houston by 9–1621.2%
Houston by 17+31.7%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +2.7 points to Houston: the final margin was Houston by 3, without the luck Houston by 0.3. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • E. Sanchez, 48 yds missed · 60% expected
  • E. Sanchez, 41 yds made · 73% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Arizona 7 for 80 yards, Houston 4 for 39 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 3:11 Holding on Arizona, 10 yards +1% HOU +0.6 pts
Q1 2:05 Pass Interference on Arizona, 15 yards +3% HOU +1.6 pts
Q2 14:31 Pass Interference on Houston, 15 yards +3% ARIZ +1.6 pts
Q2 10:52 Offside on Arizona, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% HOU +0.9 pts
Q2 10:03 False Start on Houston, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% ARIZ +0.7 pts
Q3 12:49 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Arizona, 15 yards +4% HOU +1.6 pts
Q3 4:52 Holding on Arizona, 10 yards +1% HOU +0.6 pts
Q4 13:52 Pass Interference on Arizona, 15 yards +4% HOU +1.6 pts
Q4 11:04 Holding on Arizona, 10 yards +2% HOU +0.6 pts
Q4 5:46 Pass Interference on Houston, 15 yards +9% ARIZ +1.6 pts
Q4 5:42 Pass Interference on Houston, 4 yards +6% ARIZ +1.0 pts

When it happened

Houston’s chance of winning

As low as 22% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Houston was ahead in it, below while Arizona was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 3:11 Arizona was stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 66% expectedHolding on Arizona, 10 yardsJudgment calls +5% HOU ARIZ: Punt
2 Q2 6:35 Houston converted 4th & 33rd & 4th downs · 54% expected +6% HOU HOU: Touchdown
3 Q2 3:34 Arizona converted 3rd & 73rd & 4th downs · 37% expected +5% ARIZ ARIZ: Turnover on downs
4 Q2 1:39 Arizona was stopped on 4th & 13rd & 4th downs · 77% expected +6% HOU ARIZ: End of half
5 Q3 13:49 Houston converted 3rd & 83rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +6% HOU HOU: Touchdown
6 Q4 11:43 E. Sanchez missed a 48-yard field goalKicks · 60% expected for him, 5 of 7 from 45+ before +7% ARIZ HOU: Field goal
7 Q4 5:46 Pass Interference on Houston, 15 yardsJudgment calls +9% ARIZ ARIZ: Touchdown
8 Q4 5:42 Pass Interference on Houston, 4 yardsJudgment calls +6% ARIZ ARIZ: Touchdown

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Arizona 47% · Houston 53%

Final margin
Houston by 3
Luck in points
2.7 for Houston
Luck-adjusted margin
Houston by 0.3
Replay with same day's form
Arizona 20% · Houston 80% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 8 2025 games · Arizona · Houston

More from Week 8 2025

Every week 8 game, 2025