luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 2 2026 · September 12, 2026

Tennessee at Georgia Tech, Week 2 2026: who deserved to win?

Tennessee beat Georgia Tech 45–24, but the replays lean toward Georgia Tech: it takes 7 of 10 with the same day's form.

Tennessee won on an off day: it played far below what the matchup promised. In a fresh game against Georgia Tech it would win 84% of the time; with this day’s form, 33%. The numbers

Before kickoff Tennessee was a 79% favorite. The biggest swing (Q2, 11:24 left): Return touchdown by Tennessee, worth 16 points of win probability to Tennessee.

Final

Tennessee Volunteers 45
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 24

September 12, 2026 · Bobby Dodd Stadium · Closing line: Tennessee −12.5

Luck index +67 Tennessee very lucky · −67 Georgia Tech

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Tennessee wins 3, Georgia Tech wins 7.

  1. 1 TENN 24 GT 7
  2. 2 TENN 21 GT 13
  3. 3 TENN 16 GT 13
  4. 4 TENN 13 GT 16
  5. 5 TENN 20 GT 27
  6. 6 TENN 21 GT 31
  7. 7 TENN 10 GT 23
  8. 8 TENN 7 GT 24
  9. 9 TENN 16 GT 37
  10. 10 TENN 17 GT 45

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

Tennessee won on an off day

It played far below what the matchup promised. In a fresh game against Georgia Tech it would win 84% of the time; with this day’s form, 33%.

51 points apart for Tennessee: the gap is how differently this game went from what the two teams usually are.

UnitThis gameUsual levelBetter or worse than usual
Tennessee offenseEPA per play gained +0.17 +0.15 better by 0.02
Tennessee defenseEPA per play allowed +0.05 +0.10 better by 0.04
Georgia Tech offenseEPA per play gained +0.05 +0.09 worse by 0.03
Georgia Tech defenseEPA per play allowed +0.17 +0.10 worse by 0.07

EPA (expected points added) per play on competitive snaps, turnovers left out because they are valued as luck. Usual level: the team’s earlier games this season plus half of last season, pulled toward the league average. One team’s defense and the other team’s offense are the same snaps, so one game can’t fully say whose day it was; it shows how far this one was from both teams’ norms.

How 4,000 replays ended

Tennessee wins 33% of them, Georgia Tech 67%, counting the 4% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Tennessee by 21.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Tennessee by 17+5.9%
Tennessee by 9–169.1%
Tennessee by 1–815.8%
Level after regulation4.3%
Georgia Tech by 1–823.2%
Georgia Tech by 9–1619.3%
Georgia Tech by 17+22.3%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +2.2 points to Georgia Tech: the final margin was Tennessee by 21, without the luck Tennessee by 23.2. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • A. Birr, 30 yds made · 87% expected
  • C. Ranvier, 32 yds made · 84% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Tennessee 14 for 142 yards, Georgia Tech 5 for 46 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 11:31 Offside on Tennessee, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% GT +0.7 pts
Q1 4:47 False Start on Tennessee, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% GT +1.0 pts
Q2 14:20 False Start on Tennessee, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% GT +0.5 pts
Q2 13:17 Holding on Georgia Tech, 10 yards +4% TENN +2.1 pts
Q2 10:43 Holding on Tennessee, 10 yards +1% GT +0.6 pts
Q2 5:58 Pass Interference on Georgia Tech, 6 yards +2% TENN +1.6 pts
Q3 13:13 Face Mask on Georgia Tech, 15 yards +1% TENN +1.6 pts
Q3 11:10 False Start on Georgia Tech, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% TENN 0.0 pts
Q3 5:33 False Start on Tennessee, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% GT +0.9 pts
Q3 1:21 Holding on Georgia Tech, 10 yards +1% TENN +0.6 pts
Q3 1:03 Pass Interference on Tennessee, 15 yards +1% GT +0.9 pts
Q4 12:45 Holding on Tennessee, 10 yards 0% GT +0.6 pts
Q4 8:00 Face Mask on Tennessee, 15 yards 0% GT +1.5 pts
Q4 7:02 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Tennessee, 15 yards 0% GT +0.8 pts
Q4 4:43 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Tennessee, 15 yards 0% GT +0.9 pts
Q4 2:32 Pass Interference on Tennessee, 15 yards 0% GT +1.0 pts
Q4 1:56 Pass Interference on Tennessee, 15 yards, wiping out the play 0% GT +5.0 pts
Q4 1:46 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Tennessee, 7 yards 0% GT +0.8 pts
Q4 1:46 Pass Interference on Tennessee, 5 yards 0% GT +0.9 pts

When it happened

Georgia Tech’s chance of winning

Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Georgia Tech was ahead in it, below while Tennessee was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 14:14 Georgia Tech was stopped on 3rd & 33rd & 4th downs · 53% expected +2% TENN GT: Punt
2 Q1 12:01 Georgia Tech converted 3rd & 103rd & 4th downs · 26% expected +3% GT GT: Field goal
3 Q1 9:46 Georgia Tech converted 3rd & 83rd & 4th downs · 31% expected +3% GT GT: Field goal
4 Q1 5:49 Return touchdown by Georgia TechSpecial teams +8% GT GT: Punt
5 Q1 4:57 Tennessee converted 3rd & 123rd & 4th downs · 27% expected +5% TENN TENN: Field goal
6 Q1 2:43 Tennessee converted 4th & 23rd & 4th downs · 66% expected +3% TENN TENN: Field goal
7 Q2 13:17 Holding on Georgia Tech, 10 yardsJudgment calls +4% TENN TENN: Punt
8 Q2 11:24 Return touchdown by TennesseeSpecial teams +16% TENN TENN: Punt

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Tennessee 100% · Georgia Tech 0%

Final margin
Tennessee by 21
Luck in points
2.2 for Georgia Tech
Luck-adjusted margin
Tennessee by 23.2
Replay with same day's form
Tennessee 33% · Georgia Tech 67% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 2 2026 games · Tennessee · Georgia Tech

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