luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 3 2026 · September 19, 2026

North Texas at Texas State, Week 3 2026: who deserved to win?

Texas State beat North Texas 49–35, and the replays back it up: with the way both teams actually played, Texas State wins 9 of 10.

An off day for North Texas: its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Texas State it would win 39% of the time; with this day’s form, 8%. The numbers

Before kickoff Texas State was a 58% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 14:20 left): North Texas was stopped on 4th & 4, worth 9 points of win probability to Texas State.

Final

North Texas Mean Green 35
Texas State Bobcats 49

September 19, 2026 · Bobcat Stadium (TX) · Closing line: Texas State −3

Luck index +8 Texas State about even · −8 North Texas

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. North Texas wins 1, Texas State wins 9.

  1. 1 UNT 49 TXST 42
  2. 2 UNT 38 TXST 42
  3. 3 UNT 41 TXST 49
  4. 4 UNT 37 TXST 49
  5. 5 UNT 45 TXST 59
  6. 6 UNT 38 TXST 56
  7. 7 UNT 20 TXST 44
  8. 8 UNT 24 TXST 52
  9. 9 UNT 19 TXST 52
  10. 10 UNT 35 TXST 77

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

An off day for North Texas

Its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Texas State it would win 39% of the time; with this day’s form, 8%.

31 points apart for North Texas: the gap is how differently this game went from what the two teams usually are.

UnitThis gameUsual levelBetter or worse than usual
North Texas offenseEPA per play gained +0.31 +0.16 better by 0.15
North Texas defenseEPA per play allowed +0.41 +0.11 worse by 0.30
Texas State offenseEPA per play gained +0.41 +0.15 better by 0.26
Texas State defenseEPA per play allowed +0.31 +0.07 worse by 0.24

EPA (expected points added) per play on competitive snaps, turnovers left out because they are valued as luck. Usual level: the team’s earlier games this season plus half of last season, pulled toward the league average. One team’s defense and the other team’s offense are the same snaps, so one game can’t fully say whose day it was; it shows how far this one was from both teams’ norms.

How 4,000 replays ended

North Texas wins 8% of them, Texas State 92%, counting the 1% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Texas State by 14.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
North Texas by 17+0.8%
North Texas by 9–161.9%
North Texas by 1–85.5%
Level after regulation0.7%
Texas State by 1–811.7%
Texas State by 9–1617.2%
Texas State by 17+62.3%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +1.4 points to North Texas: the final margin was Texas State by 14, without the luck Texas State by 15.4. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

Penalties: North Texas 8 for 90 yards, Texas State 7 for 80 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 7:24 False Start on North Texas, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% TXST +0.8 pts
Q1 5:19 Holding on North Texas, 10 yards +3% TXST +1.8 pts
Q1 0:42 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Texas State, 15 yards 0% UNT +0.9 pts
Q2 15:00 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Texas State, 15 yards +2% UNT +2.0 pts
Q2 5:25 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on North Texas, 15 yards 0% TXST +0.9 pts
Q2 0:47 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on North Texas, 15 yards +1% TXST +0.9 pts
Q2 0:03 Personal Foul on Texas State, 15 yards +3% UNT +0.9 pts
Q3 13:12 Holding on Texas State, 10 yards 0% TXST +0.1 pts
Q3 12:40 False Start on Texas State, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% UNT +0.9 pts
Q3 8:45 Holding on North Texas, 10 yards +2% TXST +0.6 pts
Q3 4:10 Holding on North Texas, 10 yards +1% TXST +1.3 pts
Q3 1:34 Unsportsmanlike Conduct on Texas State, 15 yards +5% UNT +1.6 pts
Q4 11:24 Pass Interference on North Texas, 15 yards +4% TXST +2.1 pts
Q4 4:43 Holding on North Texas, 10 yards 0% TXST +1.3 pts
Q4 1:58 False Start on Texas State, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% UNT +0.2 pts

When it happened

Texas State’s chance of winning

As low as 44% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Texas State was ahead in it, below while North Texas was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q2 0:47 North Texas converted 4th & 33rd & 4th downs · 51% expectedUnsportsmanlike Conduct on North Texas, 15 yardsJudgment calls +7% UNT UNT: Turnover
2 Q3 12:42 North Texas fumbled and Texas State recoveredFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +7% TXST UNT: Turnover on downs
3 Q3 11:08 North Texas converted 3rd & 103rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +6% UNT UNT: Turnover on downs
4 Q3 10:06 North Texas converted 3rd & 103rd & 4th downs · 33% expected +7% UNT UNT: Turnover on downs
5 Q3 7:30 North Texas was stopped on 4th & 113rd & 4th downs · 31% expected +5% TXST UNT: Turnover on downs
6 Q3 2:47 North Texas converted 3rd & 123rd & 4th downs · 30% expected +7% UNT UNT: Turnover on downs
7 Q4 14:50 North Texas was stopped on 3rd & 43rd & 4th downs · 54% expected +6% TXST UNT: Turnover on downs
8 Q4 14:20 North Texas was stopped on 4th & 43rd & 4th downs · 53% expected +9% TXST UNT: Touchdown

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

North Texas 0% · Texas State 100%

Final margin
Texas State by 14
Luck in points
1.4 for North Texas
Luck-adjusted margin
Texas State by 15.4
Replay with same day's form
North Texas 8% · Texas State 92% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 3 2026 games · North Texas · Texas State

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