luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 14 2025 · November 29, 2025

Wisconsin at Minnesota, Week 14 2025: who deserved to win?

Minnesota beat Wisconsin 17–7, but the replays lean toward Wisconsin: it takes 6 of 10 with the same day's form.

Before kickoff Wisconsin was a 56% favorite.

Final

Wisconsin Badgers 7
Minnesota Golden Gophers 17

November 29, 2025 · Huntington Bank Stadium · Closing line: Wisconsin −2.5

Luck index +62 Minnesota very lucky · −62 Wisconsin

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Wisconsin wins 6, Minnesota wins 4.

  1. 1 WIS 24 MINN 0
  2. 2 WIS 24 MINN 7
  3. 3 WIS 14 MINN 0
  4. 4 WIS 10 MINN 0
  5. 5 WIS 13 MINN 7
  6. 6 WIS 3 MINN 0
  7. 7 WIS 21 MINN 24
  8. 8 WIS 7 MINN 13
  9. 9 WIS 3 MINN 13
  10. 10 WIS 10 MINN 26

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Wisconsin wins 62% of them, Minnesota 38%, counting the 9% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Minnesota by 10.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Wisconsin by 17+17.6%
Wisconsin by 9–1618.9%
Wisconsin by 1–823.5%
Level after regulation8.6%
Minnesota by 1–817.8%
Minnesota by 9–169.3%
Minnesota by 17+4.1%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +3.7 points to Minnesota: the final margin was Minnesota by 10, without the luck Minnesota by 6.3. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • B. Denaburg, 38 yds blocked · 74% expected
  • B. Denaburg, 33 yds made · 81% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Wisconsin 2 for 9 yards, Minnesota 1 for 5 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 13:53 Illegal Substitution on Wisconsin, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% MINN +1.1 pts
Q2 10:45 False Start on Wisconsin, 4 yards · pre-snap +2% MINN +0.7 pts
Q4 7:18 Illegal Formation on Minnesota, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% WIS +1.2 pts

When it happened

Minnesota’s chance of winning

As low as 42% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while Minnesota was ahead in it, below while Wisconsin was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 14:04 Minnesota converted 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 38% expected +4% MINN MINN: Punt
2 Q1 8:54 Wisconsin converted 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 38% expected +4% WIS WIS: Turnover
3 Q1 8:11 Wisconsin fumbled and Minnesota recoveredFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +5% MINN WIS: Punt
4 Q1 6:47 B. Denaburg had a 38-yard field goal blockedKicks · 74% expected for him +5% WIS MINN: Punt
5 Q2 11:24 Wisconsin was stopped on 3rd & 13rd & 4th downs · 74% expected +4% MINN WIS: Punt
6 Q2 2:45 Minnesota converted 3rd & 43rd & 4th downs · 43% expected +5% MINN MINN: End of half
7 Q2 0:27 Wisconsin converted 4th & 13rd & 4th downs · 66% expected +5% WIS WIS: Turnover
8 Q3 13:58 Wisconsin converted 3rd & 63rd & 4th downs · 34% expected +7% WIS WIS: Turnover

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Wisconsin 12% · Minnesota 88%

Final margin
Minnesota by 10
Luck in points
3.7 for Minnesota
Luck-adjusted margin
Minnesota by 6.3
Replay with same day's form
Wisconsin 62% · Minnesota 38% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 14 2025 games · Wisconsin · Minnesota

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