luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 2 2025 · September 6, 2025

Texas State at UTSA, Week 2 2025: who deserved to win?

Texas State beat UTSA 43–36, but the replays call it close to a coin flip: with the way both teams played, Texas State wins 5 of 10.

Before kickoff UTSA was a 61% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 10:22 left): UTSA converted 4th & 8, worth 19 points of win probability to UTSA.

Final

Texas State Bobcats 43
UTSA Roadrunners 36

September 6, 2025 · Alamodome · Closing line: UTSA −4.5

Luck index +53 Texas State lucky · −53 UTSA

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Texas State wins 5, UTSA wins 5.

  1. 1 TXST 45 UTSA 17
  2. 2 TXST 42 UTSA 24
  3. 3 TXST 35 UTSA 23
  4. 4 TXST 20 UTSA 13
  5. 5 TXST 34 UTSA 30
  6. 6 TXST 21 UTSA 24
  7. 7 TXST 34 UTSA 41
  8. 8 TXST 21 UTSA 31
  9. 9 TXST 35 UTSA 51
  10. 10 TXST 20 UTSA 42

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Texas State wins 47% of them, UTSA 53%, counting the 2% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Texas State by 7.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Texas State by 17+14.4%
Texas State by 9–1612.2%
Texas State by 1–818.3%
Level after regulation2.3%
UTSA by 1–818.8%
UTSA by 9–1615.6%
UTSA by 17+18.5%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +10.5 points to Texas State: the final margin was Texas State by 7, without the luck UTSA by 3.5. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • T. Robles, 50 yds made · 54% expected
  • T. Robles, 38 yds made · 76% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Texas State 4 for 40 yards, UTSA 6 for 60 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 2:40 False Start on UTSA, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% TXST +0.8 pts
Q2 10:07 Penalty on Texas State, 15 yards +4% UTSA +1.6 pts
Q3 11:39 Pass Interference on UTSA, 15 yards +5% UTSA +3.6 pts
Q3 11:35 Penalty on Texas State, 5 yards +1% UTSA +0.3 pts
Q3 10:30 Holding on Texas State, 10 yards +2% UTSA +0.7 pts
Q3 6:58 Holding on Texas State, 10 yards +7% UTSA +2.3 pts
Q3 6:32 Illegal Substitution on UTSA, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% TXST +0.5 pts
Q3 3:26 Illegal Substitution on UTSA, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% TXST +0.6 pts
Q3 1:33 Pass Interference on UTSA, 15 yards +5% TXST +1.5 pts
Q4 14:55 Pass Interference on UTSA, 15 yards +2% TXST +0.6 pts

When it happened

UTSA’s chance of winning

As low as 0% and as high as 67%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while UTSA was ahead in it, below while Texas State was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 7:14 UTSA was stopped on 4th & 13rd & 4th downs · 75% expected +7% TXST UTSA: Punt
2 Q2 11:23 UTSA converted 3rd & 103rd & 4th downs · 32% expected +6% UTSA UTSA: Touchdown
3 Q2 4:04 Texas State converted 3rd & 73rd & 4th downs · 30% expected +7% TXST TXST: Field goal
4 Q3 6:58 Holding on Texas State, 10 yardsJudgment calls +7% UTSA UTSA: Turnover on downs
5 Q3 1:57 UTSA was stopped on 4th & 73rd & 4th downs · 39% expected +9% TXST UTSA: Touchdown
6 Q3 0:27 Texas State converted 3rd & 73rd & 4th downs · 38% expected +8% TXST TXST: Touchdown
7 Q4 10:22 UTSA converted 4th & 83rd & 4th downs · 36% expectedUTSA’s two-point try was good3rd & 4th downs · 46% expected +19% UTSA UTSA: Touchdown
8 Q4 8:08 UTSA was stopped on 4th & 63rd & 4th downs · 43% expected +7% TXST UTSA: Punt

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Texas State 27% · UTSA 73%

Final margin
Texas State by 7
Luck in points
10.5 for Texas State
Luck-adjusted margin
UTSA by 3.5
Replay with same day's form
Texas State 47% · UTSA 53% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 2 2025 games · Texas State · UTSA

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