luckadjusted
CFB Week 4 · 2026

Week 8 2025 · October 18, 2025

Coastal Carolina at App State, Week 8 2025: who deserved to win?

Coastal Carolina beat App State 45–37, and the replays lean its way: with the same day's form, it wins 8 of 10.

An off day for App State: its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Coastal Carolina it would win 67% of the time; with this day’s form, 21%. The numbers

Before kickoff App State was a 75% favorite. The biggest swing (Q4, 2:16 left): App State was stopped on 4th & 7, worth 18 points of win probability to Coastal Carolina.

Final

Coastal Carolina Chanticleers 45
App State Mountaineers 37

October 18, 2025 · Kidd Brewer Stadium · Closing line: App State −10.5

Luck index +21 Coastal Carolina about even · −21 App State

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Coastal Carolina wins 8, App State wins 2.

  1. 1 CCU 34 APP 0
  2. 2 CCU 42 APP 17
  3. 3 CCU 35 APP 14
  4. 4 CCU 16 APP 0
  5. 5 CCU 37 APP 24
  6. 6 CCU 24 APP 14
  7. 7 CCU 27 APP 20
  8. 8 CCU 27 APP 24
  9. 9 CCU 7 APP 10
  10. 10 CCU 3 APP 17

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

An off day for App State

Its defense played far below its usual level. In a fresh game against Coastal Carolina it would win 67% of the time; with this day’s form, 21%.

46 points apart for App State: the gap is how differently this game went from what the two teams usually are.

UnitThis gameUsual levelBetter or worse than usual
Coastal Carolina offenseEPA per play gained +0.48 +0.07 better by 0.41
Coastal Carolina defenseEPA per play allowed +0.24 +0.07 worse by 0.17
App State offenseEPA per play gained +0.24 +0.11 better by 0.13
App State defenseEPA per play allowed +0.48 +0.13 worse by 0.35

EPA (expected points added) per play on competitive snaps, turnovers left out because they are valued as luck. Usual level: the team’s earlier games this season plus half of last season, pulled toward the league average. One team’s defense and the other team’s offense are the same snaps, so one game can’t fully say whose day it was; it shows how far this one was from both teams’ norms.

How 4,000 replays ended

Coastal Carolina wins 79% of them, App State 21%, counting the 6% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Coastal Carolina by 8.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Coastal Carolina by 17+34.8%
Coastal Carolina by 9–1620.0%
Coastal Carolina by 1–819.9%
Level after regulation5.7%
App State by 1–812.3%
App State by 9–165.1%
App State by 17+2.1%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +1.5 points to Coastal Carolina: the final margin was Coastal Carolina by 8, without the luck Coastal Carolina by 6.5. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance), and what happened.

  • K. Afrookhteh, 43 yds made · 68% expected
  • D. De Freitas, 31 yds made · 86% expected
  • D. De Freitas, 25 yds made · 91% expected
  • D. De Freitas, 23 yds made · 93% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Coastal Carolina 3 for 35 yards, App State 6 for 60 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count toward luck, pre-snap fouls mostly don’t. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 13:55 Face Mask on Coastal Carolina, 15 yards +2% APP +1.1 pts
Q1 13:40 Illegal Snap on App State, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% CCU +0.6 pts
Q1 7:56 Block Below the Waist on App State, 15 yards +4% APP +3.0 pts
Q2 7:02 Delay of Game on Coastal Carolina, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% APP +0.6 pts
Q3 0:26 Offside on App State, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% CCU +1.2 pts
Q4 6:21 Pass Interference on App State, 15 yards +6% CCU +1.4 pts
Q4 3:08 False Start on App State, 5 yards · pre-snap +2% APP +0.4 pts
Q4 1:51 Face Mask on Coastal Carolina, 15 yards, wiping out the play +5% APP +3.5 pts
Q4 0:55 Pass Interference on App State, 15 yards +4% CCU +1.2 pts

When it happened

App State’s chance of winning

As low as 0% and as high as 95%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

Our in-game win probability: the score, the value of the possession and the time left, starting from the betting line. Overtime has no clock and is drawn at a fixed width. Shaded above the middle while App State was ahead in it, below while Coastal Carolina was.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 7:56 K. Afrookhteh made a 43-yard field goalKicks · 68% expected for himBlock Below the Waist on App State, 15 yardsJudgment calls +4% APP CCU: End of half
2 Q3 8:00 App State converted 4th & 63rd & 4th downs · 41% expected +6% APP APP: Field goal
3 Q4 6:21 Pass Interference on App State, 15 yardsJudgment calls +6% CCU CCU: Touchdown
4 Q4 5:21 Coastal Carolina converted 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 47% expected +7% CCU CCU: Touchdown
5 Q4 2:22 App State was stopped on 3rd & 73rd & 4th downs · 39% expected +5% CCU APP: Turnover on downs
6 Q4 2:16 App State was stopped on 4th & 73rd & 4th downs · 38% expected +18% CCU APP: Turnover
7 Q4 1:51 Face Mask on Coastal Carolina, 15 yards, wiping out the playJudgment calls +5% APP APP: Turnover
8 Q4 0:55 Pass Interference on App State, 15 yardsJudgment calls +4% CCU CCU: End of game

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Coastal Carolina 85% · App State 15%

Final margin
Coastal Carolina by 8
Luck in points
1.5 for Coastal Carolina
Luck-adjusted margin
Coastal Carolina by 6.5
Replay with same day's form
Coastal Carolina 79% · App State 21% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and expected points from CollegeFootballData.com via cfbfastR; win probability from our own model of the score, the possession and the betting line; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record. College play-by-play has no charting of drops or interception-worthy throws and no injury reports, so those kinds of luck aren’t counted here.

Methodology and validation · All Week 8 2025 games · Coastal Carolina · App State

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