luckadjusted
NFL Week 9 · 2026

Week 13 2020 · December 8, 2020

No FTN charting for this game (drops and interception-worthy throws are not modelled).

Cowboys at Ravens, Week 13 2020: who deserved to win?

The Ravens beat the Cowboys 34–17, and the replays lean their way: with the same day's form, they win 8 of 10.

Before kickoff the Ravens were 74% favorites. The biggest swing (Q2, 8:57 left): J. Tucker missed a 36-yard field goal, worth 12 points of win probability to the Cowboys.

Final

Dallas Cowboys 17
Baltimore Ravens 34

December 8, 2020 · M&T Bank Stadium · Closing line: Ravens −8.5

Luck index +23 Ravens about even · −23 Cowboys

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Cowboys win 2, Ravens win 8.

  1. 1 DAL 44 BAL 33
  2. 2 DAL 36 BAL 33
  3. 3 DAL 17 BAL 19
  4. 4 DAL 13 BAL 17
  5. 5 DAL 17 BAL 24
  6. 6 DAL 28 BAL 37
  7. 7 DAL 24 BAL 37
  8. 8 DAL 9 BAL 24
  9. 9 DAL 7 BAL 27
  10. 10 DAL 13 BAL 40

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, drop, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Cowboys win 23% of them, Ravens 77%, counting the 2% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Ravens by 17.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Cowboys by 17+2.5%
Cowboys by 9–166.4%
Cowboys by 1–812.8%
Level after regulation1.7%
Ravens by 1–827.3%
Ravens by 9–1620.8%
Ravens by 17+28.6%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +13.2 points to the Ravens: the final margin was Ravens by 17, without the luck Ravens by 3.8. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance and the weather), and what happened.

  • G. Zuerlein, 31 yds made · 94% expected
  • J. Tucker, 36 yds missed · 92% expected
  • G. Zuerlein, 40 yds missed · 85% expected
  • J. Tucker, 35 yds made · 92% expected
  • G. Zuerlein, 53 yds missed · 60% expected
  • G. Zuerlein, 52 yds missed · 60% expected
  • J. Tucker, 22 yds made · 99% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Cowboys 7 for 58 yards, Ravens 4 for 23 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count half toward luck; pre-snap fouls, which repeat, don’t count. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 12:09 Offensive Holding on the Cowboys, 10 yards, wiping out the play +6% BAL +1.8 pts
Q2 9:11 False Start on the Ravens, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% BAL +0.2 pts
Q2 2:27 Delay of Game on the Cowboys, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% BAL +0.1 pts
Q2 1:57 Defensive Pass Interference on the Cowboys (Xavier Woods), 18 yards +5% BAL +1.3 pts
Q2 0:46 Offensive Holding on the Cowboys, 10 yards +3% BAL +0.9 pts
Q2 0:13 False Start on the Cowboys (Amari Cooper), 5 yards · pre-snap +1% BAL +0.3 pts
Q3 13:29 Offensive Holding on the Ravens, 10 yards +2% DAL +0.9 pts
Q3 5:28 False Start on the Ravens (Justice Hill), 5 yards · pre-snap +2% DAL +0.5 pts
Q4 5:31 Defensive Pass Interference on the Ravens (Chuck Clark), 3 yards 0% DAL +0.7 pts
Q4 2:08 Defensive Offside on the Cowboys, 5 yards · pre-snap 0% BAL +0.5 pts
Q4 1:32 False Start on the Cowboys (Dalton Schultz), 5 yards · pre-snap 0% BAL +0.4 pts

Cowboys penalties, every game · Ravens penalties, every game · All teams, 2020

When it happened

Ravens’ chance of winning

As low as 42% and as high as 100%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

nflfastR’s in-game win probability. It ignores the betting line, so it starts near even. Shaded above the middle while the Ravens were ahead in it, below while the Cowboys were.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q1 12:09 Offensive Holding on the Cowboys, 10 yards, wiping out the playJudgment calls +6% BAL BAL: Turnover
2 Q1 4:29 The Cowboys were stopped on 3rd & 43rd & 4th downs · 46% expected +6% BAL DAL: Field goal
3 Q1 2:25 The Ravens fumbled and recovered it themselvesFumble bounces · loose balls are close to 50/50 +7% BAL BAL: Touchdown
4 Q1 1:15 The Ravens were stopped on 3rd & 143rd & 4th downs · 27% expected +6% BAL BAL: Touchdown
5 Q2 8:57 J. Tucker missed a 36-yard field goalKicks · 92% expected for him +12% DAL BAL: Touchdown
6 Q2 5:37 The Cowboys converted 3rd & 73rd & 4th downs · 34% expected +8% DAL DAL: Missed field goal
7 Q2 2:06 G. Zuerlein missed a 40-yard field goalKicks · 85% expected for him +10% BAL DAL: Turnover on downs
8 Q3 9:11 G. Zuerlein missed a 53-yard field goalKicks · 60% expected for him, 15 of 22 from 45+ before +5% BAL DAL: Missed field goal

Missing players

Key players (usually on the field for half the snaps or more) who missed this game or part of it, valued by position and quality. The same players are missing in every replay, so this counts as luck in points only.

  • Ronnie Stanley (BAL T), out (IR) · 1.1 pts
  • Mark Andrews (BAL TE), out (IR) · 0.8 pts
  • Matt Judon (BAL OLB), out (IR) · 0.6 pts
  • Jimmy Smith (BAL CB), out · 0.5 pts
  • Nick Boyle (BAL TE), out (IR) · 0.2 pts
  • Willie Snead (BAL WR/R), out (IR) · 0.2 pts
  • Dak Prescott (DAL QB), out (IR), replaced by a.dalton · 6.9 pts
  • Trevon Diggs (DAL CB), out (IR) · 1.0 pts
  • Zack Martin (DAL G), out (IR) · 0.8 pts
  • Tyler Biadasz (DAL C), out (IR) · 0.7 pts
  • Anthony Brown (DAL CB), out · 0.6 pts
  • Cameron Erving (DAL T), out · 0.6 pts
  • Donovan Wilson (DAL S), out · 0.4 pts
  • Anthony Brown (DAL DB), out · 0.3 pts
  • Cameron Erving (DAL G), out · 0.3 pts
  • Chris Jones (DAL P), out (IR) · 0.2 pts
  • Trysten Hill (DAL DT), out (IR) · 0.1 pts

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Cowboys 4% · Ravens 96%

Final margin
Ravens by 17
Luck in points
13.2 for the Ravens
Luck-adjusted margin
Ravens by 3.8
Replay with same day's form
Cowboys 23% · Ravens 77% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and win probability from nflfastR via nflverse; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record; drops and interception-worthy throws from FTN charting (not available for this game); injuries from snap counts and injury reports. No FTN charting for this game (drops and interception-worthy throws are not modelled).

Methodology and validation · All Week 13 2020 games · Cowboys · Ravens

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