luckadjusted
NFL Week 9 · 2026

Week 18 2023 · January 6, 2024

Texans at Colts, Week 18 2023: who deserved to win?

The Texans beat the Colts 23–19, but the replays lean toward the Colts: they take 6 of 10 with the same day's form. Luck ran their way: drops alone were worth 36 points of win probability to the Texans.

Before kickoff the Texans were 54% favorites. The biggest swing (Q4, 1:06 left): T. Goodson dropped a catchable pass, worth 35 points of win probability to the Texans.

Final

Houston Texans 23
Indianapolis Colts 19

January 6, 2024 · Lucas Oil Stadium · Closing line: Texans −1.5

Luck index +62 Texans very lucky · −62 Colts

Each team’s own plays from this game, resampled into new drives 4,000 times: with the way both teams actually played, how often does this performance win? How the replay works

Ten replays. Texans win 4, Colts win 6.

  1. 1 HOU 30 IND 10
  2. 2 HOU 37 IND 24
  3. 3 HOU 35 IND 27
  4. 4 HOU 13 IND 10
  5. 5 HOU 30 IND 32
  6. 6 HOU 10 IND 14
  7. 7 HOU 23 IND 30
  8. 8 HOU 31 IND 42
  9. 9 HOU 16 IND 33
  10. 10 HOU 0 IND 25

Three other ways to ask

Each answers a different question, so none of them replaces the replay above.

The closing betting line, turned into a probability. What everyone knew before the game.

The line plus what this game showed, weighted by how much one game can tell. It stays close to the line because one game says little.

Every kick, fumble bounce, drop, conversion and judgment call redrawn; everything else fixed. The narrowest view of luck.

How 4,000 replays ended

Texans win 38% of them, Colts 62%, counting the 3% still level after regulation as half each. The line is what actually happened: Texans by 4.

Show as a table
Final margin in the replaysShare of replays
Texans by 17+6.6%
Texans by 9–1611.9%
Texans by 1–818.8%
Level after regulation3.5%
Colts by 1–826.1%
Colts by 9–1616.9%
Colts by 17+16.4%

Where the luck was

What the luck was worth

Every lucky and unlucky play, weighted by the moment it happened: its swing in win probability, added up by kind. A missed kick in a decided game counts for nothing; the same kick at the end of a tie game can be most of a win.

Swings add up across a game, so in one that went back and forth they can pass 100%. On the scoreboard the same luck was worth +5.1 points to the Texans: the final margin was Texans by 4, without the luck Colts by 1.1. Luck shares are the fitted ones (how much of each kind is luck).

The kicks

How likely each kicker was to make that kick (his own record, the distance and the weather), and what happened.

  • M. Gay, 38 yds made · 92% expected
  • M. Gay, 52 yds made · 72% expected
  • M. Gay, 57 yds missed · 67% expected
  • K. Fairbairn, 51 yds made · 71% expected
  • M. Gay, 35 yds made · 94% expected
  • Extra point missed · 94% expected
Bar: expected chance of a make. Filled dot: made. Open dot: missed or blocked.

Penalties: Texans 11 for 69 yards, Colts 3 for 14 yards

Every accepted flag, in order, and what it did to the helped team’s chance of winning at that moment, including any play it wiped out (points on the scoreboard in grey). A flag in a decided game is worth nothing; one at the turn of a close game can be worth most of a win. Judgment calls count half toward luck; pre-snap fouls, which repeat, don’t count. How calls are valued

WhenFlagWin probability for
Q1 14:24 Illegal Use of Hands on the Texans (Desmond King), 5 yards +2% IND +0.5 pts
Q1 9:19 Delay of Game on the Colts, 5 yards · pre-snap +1% HOU +0.4 pts
Q1 0:27 False Start on the Texans, 5 yards · pre-snap +4% IND +0.5 pts
Q2 14:51 Neutral Zone Infraction on the Texans (Teair Tart), 5 yards · pre-snap +1% HOU +0.7 pts
Q2 7:58 False Start on the Texans, 5 yards · pre-snap +5% IND +1.0 pts
Q2 1:11 Defensive Too Many Men on Field on the Texans, 4 yards · pre-snap 0% IND +0.1 pts
Q2 1:04 Illegal Contact on the Texans (Jalen Pitre), 5 yards +1% HOU +0.2 pts
Q2 0:59 False Start on the Colts (Michael Pittman Jr.), 5 yards · pre-snap +1% HOU +0.3 pts
Q2 0:35 False Start on the Texans (Xavier Hutchinson), 5 yards · pre-snap +1% IND +0.3 pts
Q3 13:30 False Start on the Texans (Eric Saubert), 5 yards · pre-snap +1% IND +0.6 pts
Q3 1:43 Unnecessary Roughness on the Texans (Desmond King), 15 yards +8% IND +1.5 pts
Q4 10:19 Offensive Holding on the Texans, 10 yards +7% IND +1.2 pts
Q4 6:45 Horse Collar Tackle on the Colts (Ronnie Harrison), 4 yards +4% HOU +0.6 pts
Q4 3:46 Illegal Use of Hands on the Texans (Maliek Collins), 5 yards +3% IND +0.6 pts

Texans penalties, every game · Colts penalties, every game · All teams, 2023

When it happened

Colts’ chance of winning

As low as 0% and as high as 66%. Numbers mark the biggest luck moments, listed below.

nflfastR’s in-game win probability. It ignores the betting line, so it starts near even. Shaded above the middle while the Colts were ahead in it, below while the Texans were.
#WhenWhat happenedWin probability forNext drive
1 Q3 9:56 The Colts’ two-point try was good3rd & 4th downs · 47% expected +6% IND IND: Missed field goal
2 Q3 3:44 K. Fairbairn made a 51-yard field goalKicks · 71% expected for him, 27 of 41 from 45+ before +9% HOU HOU: Touchdown
3 Q3 1:43 Unnecessary Roughness on the Texans (Desmond King), 15 yardsJudgment calls · 24 flags in 3973 snaps before, position avg 1 per 216 +8% IND IND: Field goal
4 Q4 10:54 The Texans converted 3rd & 33rd & 4th downs · 53% expected +7% HOU HOU: Touchdown
5 Q4 10:19 Offensive Holding on the Texans, 10 yardsJudgment calls +7% IND IND: Turnover on downs
6 Q4 2:27 The Colts converted 3rd & 53rd & 4th downs · 41% expected +14% IND IND: Turnover on downs
7 Q4 1:48 The Colts were stopped on 3rd & 23rd & 4th downs · 61% expected +9% HOU IND: Turnover on downs
8 Q4 1:06 T. Goodson dropped a catchable passDrops · 0 drops on 6 catchable balls before this +35% HOU IND: Turnover

Missing players

Key players (usually on the field for half the snaps or more) who missed this game or part of it, valued by position and quality. The same players are missing in every replay, so this counts as luck in points only.

  • Julian Blackmon (IND FS), out (IR) · 0.4 pts
  • Tank Dell (HOU WR), out (IR) · 1.0 pts
  • Tytus Howard (HOU T), out (IR) · 0.8 pts
  • Robert Woods (HOU WR), out · 0.7 pts
  • Jonathan Greenard (HOU DE), out · 0.6 pts
  • Tavierre Thomas (HOU CB), out (IR) · 0.4 pts
  • Noah Brown (HOU WR), out · 0.4 pts
  • Jimmie Ward (HOU FS), out (IR) · 0.2 pts

Adjust the assumptions

Disagree with how much of a fumble bounce or a pass interference call is luck? Change it and the coin-flip replay reruns in your browser.

Only coin-flips re-rolled

Texans 26% · Colts 74%

Final margin
Texans by 4
Luck in points
5.1 for the Texans
Luck-adjusted margin
Colts by 1.1
Replay with same day's form
Texans 38% · Colts 62% unchanged: why
How much of each is luck?

0% treats it as skill, 100% as pure luck. The tick is our fit.

What counts

None by default: our tests measured no carryover after a lucky break. Slide it up to count a break for more than its own swing. Why

Flip a play

Force the other outcome, in this game and in every replay: a made kick becomes a miss, a stop becomes a conversion, a flag goes the other way.

About these numbers

Play-by-play and win probability from nflfastR via nflverse; kicks valued against each kicker’s own record; drops and interception-worthy throws from FTN charting; injuries from snap counts and injury reports.

Methodology and validation · All Week 18 2023 games · Texans · Colts

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